This week, Mary Beard dons her VR set to experience a Roman cataclysm; and Mary Hitchman on the history of humanity's fascination with the moon.
'The Last Days of Pompeii: The immersive exhibition', Immerse LDN, Excel, London, until March 15
'The Medieval Moon', by Ayoush Lazikani
Produced by Charlotte Pardy
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Today’s episode explores the ideas of two late-twentieth-century thinkers who argued that political philosophy needs to be concerned with more than just justice. David talks to Paul Sagar about why Bernard Williams thought we should focus on questions about legitimacy and why Judith Shklar believed we should spend more time worrying about cruelty. Is the fundamental political question about how to achieve the best or is it about how to avoid the worst? And if it’s the second, where should we start?
Out tomorrow on PPF+: a bonus episode to accompany this series in which David and Paul talk about how personal experience shapes our political and philosophical outlook – a conversation exploring luck, accidents, human frailty and human connection. To get this and all our bonus episodes plus ad-free listening for £5 a month or £50 for the year, sign up to PPF+ now https://www.ppfideas.com/join-ppf-plus
Paul Sagar’s Substack is called Diary of a Punter – it is highly recommended https://substack.com/@diaryofapunter
Next Time: Where Are We Going? Nuclear Weapons
You can find out everything you need to know about this podcast – who we are, what we do, plus merch, events and full lists of our episodes and PPF+ bonus episodes on our website https://www.ppfideas.com
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Em março de 2025, pais de crianças com síndrome de Down ajuizaram uma ação no Supremo Tribunal Federal contra duas leis do estado do Paraná. Eles diziam que as leis estaduais criavam um ambiente segregado na educação das pessoas com deficiência, que isso batia de frente com o que está escrito na Constituição. E que iam na contramão do que estava sendo feito no restante do mundo em termos de educação de pessoas com deficiência.
No alvo da Ação Direta de Inconstitucionalidade (ADI) movida pela Federação Nacional das Associações de Síndrome de Down estava uma das entidades mais conhecidas e respeitadas quando se fala em pessoas com deficiência. A Associação de Pais e Amigos dos Excepcionais (Apae).
A associação foi beneficiada pelas leis do Paraná, que davam a ela e a instituições semelhantes o mesmo status de escola, e facilitava a transferência de recursos federais. No embate entre segregação e inclusão gerado pela ADI 7796, as Apaes se posicionaram pela segregação. Elas inclusive atuaram em prol de um decreto do governo Bolsonaro que possibilitaria replicar, no restante do país, o modelo do Paraná.
O episódio 153 de Escafandro mergulha fundo nesse embate jurídico e tenta entender que interesses estão por trás das leis paranaenses que vão contra o consenso mundial quando se fala em educação de pessoas com deficiência.
Mergulhe mais fundo
A nova velha Política Nacional de Educação Especial de 2020: distorcer para retroceder
Episódios relacionados
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Entrevistados do episódio
Jornalista, pedagoga, mestra e doutora em Educação Inclusiva pela Universidade Estadual de Campinas (Unicamp).
Advogado, professor, membro do comitê jurídico da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Síndrome de Down (FBASD) e coordenador da diretoria da pessoa com deficiência da Ordem dos Advogados do Brasil (OAB) no Rio de Janeiro.
Doutora em Serviço Social e Políticas Sociais pela Universidade Estadual de Londrina (UEL). Presidente da Federação Paranaense das Associações de Síndrome de Down (FEPASD).
Professor e presidente da Federação Nacional das Apaes (Fenapaes).
Senador da República. Ex-secretário de educação do estado do Paraná.
Presidente da Federação Brasileira das Associações de Síndrome de Down (FBASD).
Ficha técnica
Produção, reportagem e edição: Matheus Marcolino.
Mixagem de som: Vitor Coroa.
Trilha sonora tema: Paulo Gama
Design das capas dos aplicativos e do site: Cláudia Furnari
Direção, roteiro e sonorização: Tomás Chiaverini
In the third part of our series David and Paul Sagar explore what the German writer and sociologist Max Weber can teach us about the pitfalls of political life and political philosophy. Why is doing politics so hard? Why is it so hard to know what to do for the best when all the options are bad ones? How can we still do our best when the only means at our disposal is violence? And where does all this leave the prospects for lasting political change?
Next Time: Learning from Bernard Williams and Judith Shklar
You can find out everything you need to know about this podcast – who we are, what we do, plus merch, events and full lists of our episodes and PPF+ bonus episodes on our website https://www.ppfideas.com
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This week, Nick Enfield explores the benefits of playing games - whether or not you keep score; and Mike Jakeman on how the football World Cup has got bigger and bigger.
'The Score: How to stop playing someone else's game', by C Thi Nguyen
'World Cup Fever: A footballing journey in nine tournaments', by Simon Kuper
'The Power and the Glory: A new history of the World Cup', by Jonathan Wilson
Produced by Charlotte Pardy
Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
A crônica, gênero que encontrou no Brasil um terreno fértil e ajudou a popularizar grandes nomes da nossa literatura, é o assunto deste episódio, que reúne os cronistas Humberto Werneck, autor de Viagem no País da Crônica (Tinta-da-China Brasil), e Luís Henrique Pellanda, de A Crônica Não Mata: Notas do Isolamento (Arquipélago Editorial). Com bom humor, eles falam do charme da crônica à brasileira e contam casos saborosos de medalhões como Rubem Braga, Fernando Sabino e Carlos Drummond de Andrade. A conversa aconteceu durante A Feira do Livro 2025, com mediação do jornalista Ruan de Sousa Gabriel, do jornal O Globo.
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In the second episode in our short series about how the history of ideas can help with the deepest puzzles of politics, David talks to political theorist Paul Sagar about the eighteenth-century polymath Adam Smith. Normally thought of as the original champion of free-market economics, Smith was far more interested in history, human psychology and the problems inherent in all political systems. What does it mean to live in a commercial society? How should we understand the promise and pitfalls of equality? Where does human liberty come from? And why has the Adam Smith Institute made a mockery of his name?
Next time: Learning from Max Weber
You can find out everything you need to know about this podcast – who we are, what we do, plus merch, events and full lists of our episodes and PPF+ bonus episodes on our website https://www.ppfideas.com
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As January draws to a close, we take a look back through some of the conversations we have had so far in 2026.
First, publisher Alessandro Gallenzi joined us to reveal how he turned literary detective and uncovered Dylan Thomas's youthful plagiarism, then Joanna Kavenna explains why she invented a game to write her new novel, Tristram Fane Saunders surveys the poetic landscape and Maria Scott talks us through her discovery of photographs of Jeanne Duval, muse and lover of Charles Baudelaire.
Produced by Charlotte Pardy
Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Today it’s the first episode in a new series asking why contemporary political philosophy struggles to make sense of the deepest problems of politics and exploring how the history of ideas might help. David talks to political theorist Paul Sagar about why looking for justice might be the wrong place to start. Instead, Paul suggests we start with Aristotle, for whom the search for justice was the problem not the solution. So what should we do instead?
To keep up with what’s coming next and for more news about the podcast do follow us on Bluesky: @ppfideas.bsky.social
Next time: Learning from Adam Smith
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Quem foi Miró da Muribeca? Neste episódio do 451 MHz, a colunista Bruna Beber recebe o escritor e biógrafo Wellington de Melo em um passeio pela vida e pelos versos do poeta pernambucano, morto em 2022. Autor de Estou Quase Pronto: Uma Biografia de Miró da Muribeca (Cepe), Melo conta como João Flávio Cordeiro da Silva se tornou o poeta performático que saiu do bairro da Muribeca, em Recife, e rodou o Brasil recitando poemas sobre a vida urbana e a exclusão social.
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This week, Maria Scott on recently discovered photographs of Jeanne Duval, muse and lover of Charles Baudelaire; and Pratinav Anil weighs up the case for and against reparations.
'Reparations: Slavery and the tyranny of imaginary guilt', by Nigel Biggar
'The big payback: The case for reparations for slavery and how they would work', by Lenny Henry and Marcus Ryder
Produced by Charlotte Pardy
Hosted on Acast. See acast.com/privacy for more information.
Today’s episode is the second part of David’s conversation with Helen Thompson about what makes living in a world dominated by the United States so strange. What has changed about American power in the twenty-first century? Is Trump a deviation from the norm or is he simply an extension of it? Why does Greenland matter? And what is at stake as the contest between the US and China ramps up to the next level?
Next Time: What’s Wrong with Political Philosophy?
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The first of a two-part conversation in which David talks to Helen Thompson about how to understand the extraordinary and unlikely power of the United States, from its origins to its current incarnation. How strange would it once have seemed to live in a world dominated by a state from the Western hemisphere? When did the US overcome its natural disadvantages to achieve superpower potential? What does the rest of the world get wrong about how American power actually operates? And what might come next?
A reminder that the second part of David’s conversation with Glen Rangwala about the trial and execution of Saddam Hussein is available now on PPF+. To get this and all our bonus episodes plus ad-free listening sign up to PPF+ today https://www.ppfideas.com/join-ppf-plus
Next Time: The Weirdness of American Power Part 2 – Trump and the Future
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Dois cronistas da vida paulistana, os escritores Fabrício Corsaletti e Ricardo Terto conversam neste episódio sobre a relação da crônica com a rua e o cotidiano. Corsaletti, autor da coletânea Um Milhão de Ruas (Editora 34), conta como a escrita nasce das andanças pela cidade, enquanto Terto, de Brincadeira Sem Futuro (Todavia), fala como reinventa a infância na Zona Leste da capital. A conversa, gravada durante A Feira do Livro 2025, foi mediada pela escritora Luana Chnaiderman e transformada em podcast para celebrar São Paulo, que completa 472 anos em 25 de janeiro.
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