Can you really swing from spider silk? Sponsored by Henson Shaving - Head to https://hensonshaving.com/veritasium and use code “veritasium” for 100 free blades with any razor purchase. Just add both the razor and blades to your cart.
Last year, we launched the Elements of Truth game on Kickstarter and were thrilled by the response. We’re now in the final stages of production, with Kickstarter rewards shipping soon. Pre-order the retail edition here: https://ve42.co/YTSpiderSilk
If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
For weekly science news, and an exclusive Q&A where writer/director Vibhor Pandey discusses the making of this video, sign up to the Veritasium newsletter - https://ve42.co/Newsletter
For early access to work-in-progress videos, join our Patreon - https://ve42.co/VePatreon
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00:00 Could Spider Silk Let You Swing Like Spider-Man?
00:44 Is Spider Silk Really Stronger Than Steel?
02:29 Testing Spider Silk's Tensile Strength
03:48 The Strongest Silk on Earth
05:34 Spider Silk vs Kevlar vs Steel
07:37 The Nanostructure Behind Spider Silk's Strength
08:42 Why We Can't Farm Spiders
10:16 Engineering Fake Spider Silk
15:04 From the Silk Road to CRISPR
21:31 Real-World Uses and the Ultimate Swing Test
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Special thanks to the experts and collaborators who made this video possible:
Professor Todd Blackledge and the Blackledge Spider Lab at the University of Akron, for welcoming us into the lab, walking us through how spiders make and use silk, and letting us put the real material to the test.
Jon Rice and the team at Kraig Biocraft Laboratories, for opening their doors, sharing their transgenic silk, patiently explaining how their engineered silkworms work, and helping make the spider-silk swing possible.
Professors Keiji Numata, Chris Holland, Sara Goodacre and Greg Holland, for generously sharing their time and expertise in our research conversations helping us understand the extraordinary diversity of spider silks, how they are spun, and how structure, water and chemistry shape their properties.
Professors Ingi Agnarsson and Thomas Scheibel, for their guidance that helped sharpen our explanation.
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References: https://ve42.co/SpiderSilkRefs
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jesse Brandsoy, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol - Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Sweet_Nemo, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee
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Writers - Vibhor Pandey & Henry van Dyck
Producer & Director - Vibhor Pandey & Henry van Dyck
Presenters & Narration - Henry van Dyck & Derek Muller
Editors- Trenton Oliver, Axel Oliver, James Stuart & George Reynolds
Animators - Alex Drakoulis, Andrew Neet, Domonkos Józsa, Emma Wright & Fabio Albertelli
Illustrator - Jakub Misiek
Researchers - Aakash Singh Bagga, Gabe Strong & Sophia Rose
Camera Operators: Henry van Dyck, Petr Lebedev, Casper Mebius and Ben Curtis-Dyck
Thumbnail Designers - Abdallah Rabah, Daniel Ellacott & Ben Powell
Production Team - Matthew Cavanagh, Jess Bishop-Laggett, Glen Griffiths, Josh Pitt, Luke Lewis, Anna Milkovic & Justin St-Laurent
Executive Producers - Henry van Dyck, Emilia Gyles, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
The hidden math that governs life. Sponsored by Brilliant - Try Brilliant for free, plus get 20% off an annual Premium subscription at https://brilliant.org/veritasium
Last year, we launched the Elements of Truth game on Kickstarter and were thrilled by the response. We’re now in the final stages of production, with Kickstarter rewards shipping soon. Pre-order the retail edition here: https://elementsoftruth.game/
If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
For weekly science news, and an exclusive Q&A where writer/director Daniel Leonard discusses the making of this video, sign up to the Veritasium newsletter - https://ve42.co/Newsletter
For early access to work in progress videos join our Patreon - https://ve42.co/VePatreon
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0:00 How much LSD should you give an elephant?
3:09 Metabolic Rate In Animals
5:27 The Surface Law
8:04 What is Kleiber’s Law?
10:49 Why is ¼ everywhere in biology?
13:33 WBE Theory
19:53 Every animal has 1,000,000,000 heartbeats
23:11 Why Humans Live Longer
24:31 Is it better to live in a city or a small town?
30:12 Is there really a universal scaling exponent for life?
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Much of this video was inspired by Geoffrey West’s book: Scale. Check it out here - https://ve42.co/ScaleBook
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Special thanks to the experts who helped make this video possible:
Brian Enquist, whose work helped inspire this video, for sharing the story behind WBE theory and helping us make its key assumptions and derivation more accurate.
Van Savage, for the generous and detailed feedback that sharpened our explanation of WBE theory, self-similarity, and the current state of the field.
Steven Strogatz, for the insightful conversations, on-camera contribution, and careful reviews that helped us keep the mathematics clear and the story scientifically honest.
Peter Sheridan Dodds, for helping us understand the objections to WBE theory and the debate over three-quarter-power scaling.
And the many other experts who discussed this topic with us as we were developing the script, for their invaluable contributions: Luis Bettencourt, Jayanth Banavar, Aaron Clauset, Juan Rubalcaba, and Douglas Glazier.
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References: https://ve42.co/ScaleRefs
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jesse Brandsoy, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol - Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Sweet_Nemo, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee
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Writers - Daniel Leonard, Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Producer & Director - Daniel Leonard
Presenters & Narration - Derek Muller & Henry van Dyck
Editors - Trenton Oliver, Axel Oliver & Jonny Lennard
Assistant Editor - James Stuart
Animators - Alex Drakoulis, Andrew Neet, Domonkos Józsa, Emma Wright & Fabio Albertelli
Illustrators - Jakub Misiek & Raphael Aubry
Camera Operator - Chris Anstis
Simulations - Callum Cuttle & Aakash Singh Bagga
Researchers - Aakash Singh Bagga, Callum Cuttle & Gabe Strong
Thumbnail Designers - Abdallah Rabah & Daniel Ellacott
Thumbnail Design Direction - Ben Powell
Production Team - Jess Bishop-Laggett, Glen Griffiths, Matthew Cavanagh, Luke Lewis, Anna Milkovic & Justin St-Laurent
Executive Producers - Casper Mebius & Derek Muller
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images, Pond5 and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
Why is the Smith Chart one of the scariest charts in electrical engineering? Sponsored by Incogni - use code veritasium at https://incogni.com/veritasium to get an exclusive 60% off your annual subscription.
Last year, we launched the Elements of Truth game on Kickstarter and were thrilled by the response. We’re now in the final stages of production, with Kickstarter rewards shipping soon. Pre-order the retail edition here: https://elementsoftruth.game/
If you’re looking for a molecular modelling kit, try Snatoms, a kit I invented where the atoms snap together magnetically - https://ve42.co/SnatomsV
For weekly science news, and an exclusive Q&A where Writer/Director Henry discusses the making of this video, sign up to the Veritasium newsletter - https://ve42.co/Newsletter
For early access to work in progress videos join our Patreon https://ve42.co/VePatreon
▀▀▀
0:00 The Scariest Chart In Engineering
3:24 Standing Waves And Reflections
7:24 Why does a wave bounce back?
10:15 How to stop a wave from bouncing back
17:06 The Smith Chart
25:53 How To Read The Smith Chart
30:42 This Circuit Gets Better When You Break It
35:22 Why were we slow to use it?
37:06 Is it still useful?
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A big shout out to Imperial College London for letting us use their screened RF anechoic chamber. In particular, a massive thanks to Prof. Stepan Lucyszyn and Ian Rossuck for helping us set up the demos seen in this video.
Also special thanks to Zach Star, Dr. Cynthia Furse, Dr James Nagel, and Ralph Gable for their invaluable expertise!
Check out @zachstar 's video on the Smith Chart here: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pXWbdxOAuDs
Check out @3blue1brown 's video to learn more about transformations and conformal maps: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ldxFjLJ3rVY
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References: https://ve42.co/SmithChartsRefs
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Special thanks to our Patreon supporters:
Adam Foreman, Albert Wenger, Alex Porter, Alexander Tamas, André Powell, Anton Ragin, Balkrishna Heroor, Bertrand Serlet, Blake Byers, Bruce, Bryan Ackermann, Chris Brewer, Data Don, Dave Kircher, David Johnston, David Tseng, EJ Alexandra, Evgeny Skvortsov, Garrett Mueller, Gnare, gpoly, Hayden Christensen, Hong Thai Le, Ibby Hadeed, Jeromy Johnson, Jesse Brandsoy, Juan Benet, Kelcey Steele, KeyWestr, Kyi, Lee Redden, Marinus Kuivenhoven, Mark Heising, Martin Paull, Meekay, meg noah, Michael Krugman, Moebiusol - Cristian, Orlando Bassotto, Parsee Health, Paul Peijzel, Richard Sundvall, Robson, Sam Lutfi, Shalva Bukia, Sinan Taifour, Tj Steyn, Ubiquity Ventures, Vahe Andonians, wolfee
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Writer, Producer & Director: Henry van Dyck
Presenter: Henry van Dyck
Editors: Trenton Oliver, Axel Oliver & Peter Nelson
Animators: Emma Wright, Alex Drakoulis, Andrew Neet & Fabio Albertelli
Illustrator: Jakub Misiek
Researchers: Darius Garewal & Gabe Strong
Asst. Editors: James Stuart & Jonny Leonard
Simulations: Darius Garewal & Henry van Dyck
Camera/Drone Operators: Robert Newman & Xavier Bussière
Additional Writing: Darius Garewal
Thumbnail Designers: Abdallah Rabah & Daniel Ellacott
Production Team: Jess Bishop-Laggett, Glen Griffiths, Matthew Cavanagh, Luke Lewis & Anna Milkovic
Executive Producers: Casper Mebius
Additional video/photos supplied by Getty Images and Storyblocks
Music from Epidemic Sound
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